Within the scope of this course, students will be introduced to fundamental enforcement bodies, and the process related to the enforcement, including proceeding with and without verdict. Working methods and principles of enforcement offices will be discussed as well. Students who successfully complete the course will be equipped with fundamental knowledge about operation of enforcement offices.

• Justice | Curriculum | Prerequisites / Conditions Graph

Students will be introduced to the practice of law and notary law. The main goal is to introduce students to general principles of practice of law and notary law, to equip them to fulfil their duties as legal assistants and paralegals in the law forms.

• Justice | Curriculum | Prerequisites / Conditions Graph

This course will cover the basics of labour law, such as concepts of employee, employer, employer representative, subcontractor, workplace and undertaking. Regulation of employment contracts, rights and obligations of employees and employers, working hours, vacation days, and ending of employment contract will be discussed in more detail.

.In this course, the concept of entrepreneurship and its features will be discussed, including the history of entrepreneurship and its importance, and its social mission. We will study different entrepreneurial types, state entrepreneurship, factors contributing to the success of entrepreneurs, causes of failure, process and objectives of business incorporation, legal structures and types of enterprises, as well as small business management, research, planning, and other organizational issues.

The aim of this course is to introduce law students to the main topics, concepts and methods of economics and to provide the basic knowledge needed to understand the important economic problems of our time.

Today economic analysis of law (or law and economics) is considered to be one of the most influential jurisprudential movements in contemporary jurisdictions. The purpose of this course is to introduce students to the economic analysis of law, both as a set of tools for analyzing legal rules and institutions and as a jurisprudential movement. Students will learn not only the effects of legal rules on human behaviors and social welfare, but also the economic principles guiding the evolution of law. For instance, do people drive more carefully because of the strict liability? Do corporations provide safer products due to product liability laws? And given the social effects of legal rules, which are socially best (or more efficient)? The course starts with an outline of the general concepts of economic theory, such as rational choice theory, markets, supply, demand, efficiency and social welfare and the Coase theorem. The second part covers the application of economic analysis to various core areas of Turkish law such as property, torts, contracts, consumer protection and criminal law. The course neither presumes nor requires any background in economics or in law.

The aim of this course is to provide students with detailed knowledge of the general provisions of the Turkish Code of Obligations. Particular attention is given to the performance, non-performance and discharge of obligations which arise from contracts, torts, unjust enrichment and other legal reasons. Other subjects to be examined are obligations of a special nature (such as solidarity, conditional obligations and penalty clauses for non-performance) and the assignment of claims and assumption of obligation.

This course will analyze and discuss the harmonization efforts in current and dynamic areas of European and international private law. Each year a different topic such as contract law, consumer law, company law, banking law or international private law will be chosen and discussed. The course will host expert guest lecturers from universities from all over the world.

The course will begin with an explanation of the general principles of company law and distinctive features of companies regulated by the Turkish Commercial Code. Following this introduction, the establishment, functioning and termination of joint stock companies will be examined in detail. A second track in the same course will cover the law of negotiable instruments.

Turkish Commercial Code takes "commercial enterprise" as its centerpiece and attributed a special importance to it. In this course, fundemental concepts around the commercial enterpise will be explained to students of Joint Program on Turkish-German Business Law. It must be noted that students wishing to focus on company law is advised to take course KLN Law 342.

• Turkish-German Business Law (without thesis) | Curriculum | Prerequisites / Conditions Graph

It is known that most law graduates seek careers in the profession of legal practice. However, law faculties fail to provide courses which deal with the rules pertaining to legal practice. Therefore, through this course we aim to fill this significant gap in the legal education. The subjects to be handled are as follows: legislation regulating the legal profession, relations between the client and the legal practitioner, organisations of legal practitioners, law firm management, specialization, rights and liabilities of legal practitioners, rules of ethical conduct, meetings, hearings, file preparation and evidence gathering. The following may be offered as methods of teaching: lecturers within and outside the university, visits to the Bar, courthouses and enforcement offices, visits to law firms and other consulting institutions.

Nowadays, the number of foreign investments in Turkey has been increasing, as well as Turkish investors have realized several important investments in foreign countries. Thus, the protection of foreign investments has became an important legal topic. Foreign investments have been protected due to local laws and bilateral or multilateral investment agreements. The main objective of this course is to familiarize the students with the concept of foreign investment in order to provide the students with the opportunity to evaluate the disputes of foreign investment from the right perspective. At the end of this course it is expected that the students will be able to identify the disputes arising from foreign investment, analyze bilateral and multilateral investment agreements, evaluate the concept of investor and his rights and determine the right method to solve foreign investment disputes. Dispute settlement methods, especially ICSID arbitration, will also be discussed.

This course aims at exploring both the private law and the public law issues applicable to international trade relations. The first and public law part of the course will focus on the main treaties regulating international trade as embodied in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and the World Trade Organization, as well as regional trade entities such as the European Union and the North American Free Trade Agreement. This part will examine the law applicable to tariff and non-tariff barriers, discrimination, regionalism, anti-dumping duties, countervailing duties, safeguard measures and the devices for international settlement of trade disputes. The second and private law part will deal with the key rules in international commercial transactions. To achieve this aim, the course will cover the fundamental characteristics of international sales of goods and essential contracts for the financing of trading activities, transportation of goods to their place of destination, settlement of disputes, and methods of payment in international commercial transactions.

As a subordinated work relation, not only parties to the contract, but also mandatory rules determine the content of employment relationship. This course of Employment Law focuses mainly on the relations between employers and employees in the context of individual employment relationship. The legal structure of the employment contract, the basic principles of employment law, employee's rights and obligations and the termination of the employment contract will be examined.

This course considers the control of private economic power through competition law that has been in effect since the enactment of the Act on the Protection of Competition in 1994. The course basically covers the substantive provisions of the Act, which can be categorized into four parts. The first part concerns introductory provisions of the Act and the basic information regarding the concept of competition laws. The second part deals with vertical and horizontal cooperation agreements between undertakings in the market. Cartels, distribution agreements and cooperative joint ventures will be the main subjects of this section. The third part involves the abusive and anti-competitive practices of monopolies such as discrimination, tying, monopoly and predatory pricing. The final part comprises the legal analysis of structural alliances, namely mergers, acquisitions and joint ventures in the markets. Time permitting, the course will also cover the enforcement structure of the Act. While the primary concern of the course is Turkish competition law, these subjects will be covered in a comparative perspective, examining U.S. and European competition laws. Theoretical economic assumptions about the behavior of markets will also be analyzed, given that competition rules are primarily based on economic theory.

International procedural law, international arbitration, nationality law and legal status of aliens are the topics of this course. In this context, the first part of this course is focused on general rules of international procedural law, the jurisdiction of Turkish courts and the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments. International arbitration which has become the usual method of settlement of international disputes constitutes the second part of this course. The aim is to provide students a basic and essential knowledge of international arbitration. The concept of international arbitration and the recognition and the enforcement of foreign arbitral awards are the main topics of this part. Finally, the main matters of Turkish nationality law and the legal status of aliens are the subjects that will be covered at the end of the semester. In this context, the principals of the nationality law, the acquisition and the loss of Turkish nationality, the rights of entry and residence of aliens in Turkey, the right to work and the right of acquisition of immovable property and foreign investment in Turkey are the topics.

This course considers the control of private economic power through competition law that has been in effect since the enactment of the Act on the Protection of Competition in 1994. The course basically covers the substantive provisions of the Act, which can be categorized into four parts. The first part concerns introductory provisions of the Act and the basic information regarding the concept of competition laws. The second part deals with vertical and horizontal cooperation agreements between undertakings in the market. Cartels, distribution agreements and the cooperative joint ventures will be the main subjects of this section. The third part involves the abusive and anti-competitive practices of monopolies such as discrimination, tying, monopoly and predatory pricing. The final part comprises the legal analysis of structural alliances, namely mergers, acquisitions and joint ventures in the markets. Time permitting, the course will also cover the enforcement structure of the Act. While the primary concern of the course is Turkish competition law, these subjects will be covered in a comparative perspective, examining U.S. and European competition laws. Theoretical economic assumptions about the behavior of markets will also be analyzed, given that competition rules are primarily based on economic theory.

This course aims at discussing the dogmatic principles and application of the law on intellectual and artistic works (Copyright Law). The course will be dedicated to examining the system and basic concepts of the law such as work, authorship, authors' rights and limitations, related rights, legal transactions and administrative and legal protection measures. In this context, issues regarding copyright protection on the internet, the problem of musical works, as well as protection of rights through professional associations and criminal prosecution methods and problems will be discussed.

Undergraduate law education does not contain a course dedicated to the types of security that are used to mitigate risk in contractual relationships, but information on this subject is scattered in different courses throughout the four years of education. The purpose of this course is to review the knowledge obtained during undergraduate education and to evaluate the types of guarantees as a whole, as well as to discuss problems that are encountered in practice and solutions adopted by the High Court.

Accounting, also known as the language of business, is one of the most important information sources about business. The aim of this course is to show the role and use of accounting information in the legal context. In the first part of the course, a brief introduction to the accounting system and financial statements will be given. This parts aims to discuss the purpose of accounting and provide students with a basic understanding of the application of concepts and conventions, the procedures for recording business events, and compiling the financial database to develop financial statements. The second part constructs a bridge between Turkish Tax Legislation and accounting applications in the business environment. Determination of the tax base of a business is one of the most important reasons why a business is required to prepare its financial statements. Requirements demanded by Tax Legislation and consequent sanctions and penalties in case of failure of compliance with these requirements are discussed. Other than tax base determination, financial statements have critical functions for professionals in the business environment. Financial statements help one to understand the activities and performance of each business, which is crucial for professionals in the business environment such as regulators, managers, investors, and all other stakeholders. The third part of the course discusses the analysis of financial statements to assess business activities and make necessary financial decisions based on these assessments. This part also investigates the ways to manipulate financial statements to defraud investors and other people who have interests in the business by discussing a contemporary example, namely the Enron Case. Upon successful completion of this course, the student will be able to demonstrate an understanding of the accounting system, tax applications, financial analysis and management, which will be useful in different types of legal cases, including tax filing, bankruptcy, merger and acquisition and fraudulence in capital markets.

The subject of this course is the fundamental changes in Turkish joint-stock company law regarding the formation, structure and activities of companies. The scope of the subject matter covers board of directors, representation of company, general assembly, cancellation of decisions, capital raising, shareholder rights, minority rights, issue of share certificates and bonds, relation to securities regulations, corporate governance principles and wind-up of company.

The objective of the course is to provide students with detailed knowledge of the area of international finance and banking law. The course aims to cover the main substantive laws relating to the practice of international banking and financial law.

Trademark law, by virtue of its aim, is considered a part of industrial property law. The framework of the course covers general principles of trademark law, the concept of ‘trademark' and its legal types, the registration of trademarks, the rights granted by the official registration and the dissolution of the rights on trademarks. Protection of trademarks at the national and international levels, and assertion of the rights and particular protection by lawsuits are the other topics that constitute the basis of the course.

In a globalized world differences between legal orders are perceived as obstacles to trade relations. There are European as well as international efforts to overcome these obstacles via law harmonization projects. The most important example of these harmonization projects is certainly the Convention on the International Sale of Goods prepared by the United Nations in 1980 and today ratified by 77 countries of the world. Beside the CISG the Principles of International Commercial Contracts by the Institute for the Unification of Private Law (Unidroit); the Principles of European Contract Law; the Principles, Definitions and Model Rules of European Private Law, the so called Draft Common Frame of Reference (DCFR) and the Proposal for a Regulation on a Common European Sales Law of December 2011 are major blackletter rules dedicated to the unification of private law. The aim of this course is first of all to examine the dynamics behind the preparation of these partly binding and partly non-binding legal texts and to analyse the output and value of legal harmonisation. Following this, some major problems of contract law and the solutions to these problems will be elaborated by way of comparing the different legal texts and the Turkish Code of Obligations. Especially conclusion of the contract, validity issues, performance and non-performance of the contract will be examined in a comparative manner.

This course aims to analyse legal problems encountered in international commercial disputes. The course covers dispute settlement methods, drafting of international contracts, applicable law to contracts, methods of delivery of goods (INCOTERMS 2010), methods of payment, letters of credit in international practice, international construction contracts and distribution agreements, unfair trade and product liability. In this respect, the actual problems in practice will be considered together with court decisions.

This course concentrates on the contracts where one party is a consumer, in particular the contracts regulated by the Consumer Protection Act such as consumer sales, door-to-door sales, sales in installments, campaign sales and consumer loans. Special attention will be paid to institutions introduced to the Act in 2003, such as the control of general contract conditions, distance sales, timesharing agreements, package tours and credit card agreements. EU Directives regarding consumer protection and the laws of various European countries will also be evaluated with a comparative approach.

Since the foundation of the Competition Authority in 1997, the Protection of Competition Act has been applied rigorously to all kinds of business transactions. The Competition Board solely rendered more than 3000 decisions ranging from hard-core cartels to monopolies and mergers concerning almost all industries. Given the vagueness of the rules and policy making role of the Competition Authority, there is no doubt that these decisions are of utmost importance for the interpretation and the application of the substantive rules. Accordingly, as in the comparative laws of the EU and the US, this case-law has played a significant role in the formation and development of the Turkish competition law. In this regard the purpose of this course is to analyze the decisions of the Board and of the courts in collaboration with attorneys and legal experts.

Today economic analysis of law (or law and economics) is considered to be one of the most influential jurisprudential movements in contemporary jurisdictions. The purpose of this course is to introduce students to the economic analysis of law, both as a set of tools for analyzing legal rules and institutions and as a jurisprudential movement. Students will learn not only the effects of legal rules on human behaviors and social welfare, but also the economic principles guiding the evolution of law. For instance, do people drive more carefully because of the strict liability? Do corporations provide safer products due to product liability laws? And given the social effects of legal rules, which are socially best (or more efficient)? The course starts with an outline of the general concepts of economic theory, such as rational choice theory, markets, supply, demand, efficiency and social welfare and the Coase theorem. The second part covers the application of economic analysis to various core areas of Turkish law such as property, torts, contracts, consumer protection and criminal law. The course neither presumes nor requires any background in economics or in law.

This course will explore both the private law and the public law aspects of international trade relations. The first part of the course will provide an overview of the legal structure and operation of the world trading system, primarily through analysis of the legal texts governing the trade relations between countries by focusing on the law of the World Trade Organization (WTO) as well as regional trade agreements such as the European Union and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in the field of tariff and non-tariff barriers, discrimination, regionalism, anti-dumping duties, countervailing duties, safeguard measures and the devices for international settlement of trade disputes. The second part of the course will aim at enabling participants to familiarize themselves with the core principles of the international law of foreign investment and the resolution of foreign investment disputes between investors and sovereign States. To achieve this aim, the course will cover the international trade and investment dispute resolution, in particular through international arbitration and other non-judicial dispute settlement mechanisms. Particular emphasis will be paid to key instruments and institutions such as Bilateral Investment Treaties (bilateral), ICSID, NAFTA (regional), WTO and the Energy Charter Treaty (multilateral) by addressing the leading judicial decisions.

The Act No. 6356 on the Trade Unions and Collective Agreements has been adopted by the Parliament. To bring Turkish legislation in conformity with the ILO Conventions and acquis communautaire is the undamental aim of the legislative change. The main problem has been arisen from the approach of abrogated Acts Nos. 2821 and 2822 to freedom of association and collective bargaining. Nevertheless, Act No. 6356 developed a similar approach. The aim of this course is to examine current issues, which may be summarized as follows: principles of unionization and freedom of association, trade unions and democracy, suspension of union activities and dissolution of unions, the nature and characteristics of collective agreement, relations between collective agreement and the contract of employment, collective labor disputes, strikes and lock-outs.